Langsung ke konten utama

Biology Report "The Influence of Temperature to Activity of Organism"

Biology Report "The Influence of Temperature to Activity of Organism"









CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A.      Background
            The temperature  has an important influence to the organism activity, such as the digestive enzyme in the digestive process that uncomptely will be produced in fases that there are some energy will loose.
Most of some animals can born their live to face the external environment fluctuation that  more extreme if compared with the condition that can be tolerance of each individual cell.in along day make a temperature change in some degree above the average of normal temperature.
Dissolved oxygen. Sourcemore of dissolved oxygen in water are:
a)    Air through the diffusion and water agitation
b)   Photosynthesis is influenced by plant density, amount of light, and duration of illumination. Reduction of dissolved oxygen can be influenced by organism respiration, decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms, other gas reduction, the release of dissolved oxygen that is automatically influenced by temperature and degree of saturation. On the river by the rushing stream or river headwaters Dissolved oxygen levels and higher carbon dioxide content lower compared with the river downstream. This because the downstream temperature increase that result in reduced dissolved oxygen levels. In addition to temperature and speed of flow, decomposition of organic detritus use of oxygen can affect dissolved oxygen levels. Decomposition of organic detritus is more common in downstream areas river. To learn of these situations it will be done this practicum units VII.
That s why from the above reason, it is absolutely important for us to proven that theory by doing a simple experiment to know more the influence of the temperature to the organism activity. Trough this simple experiment we can proven it directly.

B.   Purpose
            From this experiment the students are expected to be able to compare the speed of the oxygen using by an organism in the different temperature.
C.  Benefit
            The students are able to compare the speed of  oxygen by an organism in the different temperature


CHAPTER II
PREVIEW OF LITERATURE


             Temperature is one of the environmental physical factor that can be measured with various way. Temperature has important role to measure the biological organism activity. Wheter the animals and plant. It occur  because the temperature give influence to the chemical reaction speed in the body and also the determine the metabolic activity for instance in respiration activity. As the other environmental factor, temperature also has explained in ecology, namely “Shelford Tolerance Law”. With a simple tool, his experiment about the influence of the temperature to the respiration organism activity is not really difficult to do, by ising the simple respiromoter (Tim Pengajar,2010).
            The degree concept is a concept  that required of animalin the other temperature of range nonletal. It is not like the human and the other endotermal  animals generally, that the exotemal anials do not consider need a long time, but they need time and temperature. The combination of two aspect named as physiological time (Soetjipta,1994).
            The body temperature of fish generally range from it is water temperature. The metabolism heat that the generated by the swim muscle is dissapper into the surround water trough the operculum, then dorsal aorta sent  the blood directly into the inner blood that it can cooling out its body. Endotermic fish involve some big species and active such as the bluofin and dolphin. the swim muscle produced heat metabolic that enough to increase the body temperature in inner part and adaptation system of circulation to differences the metabolic heat then the big artery send the most of the cool blood from operculum to the ephydermis tissue in the skin. The branch of artery sent the blood to the inner muscle where the small vessel arrand to change the current heat. The metabolism is very sensitive to the changing of the environmental temperature. Such as the cellular respiration speed can be increased until a specific point and than it can decreased when the temperature have to high it can denatured the enzyme work. These membrane properties also change with the temperature changing ( Campbell,1999).
Environmental factor often fluctuated, either daily or sensional nature, sometime in extreme condition fluctuation in environmental factor will effect the lives of organism physiological process, behavior and mortality. To reduce the bad effect of the fish environment adaption. Adaption is the process or gradual adjustment made by an organism to new condition fish will do that is by homestasy mechanism trying to make things stable as a result of changes in environmental variables. Homeostasis mechanism occurs at the cellular level by sitting the cell metabolism, cell membrane permeability control and disposal of metabolic wasre. Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of water measured on a definite scale such as degrees Celsius (oC) or degrees Fahrenheit (oF). Water temperature is a key regulator of natural processes in the aquatic environment. He can control the physiological functions of the organism and contribute directly or indirectly with other components of water quality affects aquatic quality. Controlling water temperature and spawning Hatching, control activities, stimulate or inhibit the growth and development; can cause death if the water gets hot or very cold suddenly. Cooler water is typically hinder the development; more hot water is generally accelerate the activity. Water temperature also affects various physical and chemical reactions in the aquatic environment. Medium temperature also effects the activity of enzyme involved in the catabolism.and anabolism (Anonim, 2011).

  



CHAPTER III
OBSERVATION METHOD

A.      Place and Date
This experiment’s is done at:                  
Day and Date       : Wednesday, January 5th 2011
Time                     : 09.00-10.00 am
Place                     : Laboratory of Biology
                          Faculty Mathematis and Science
                          Makassar State University
                           (at the 2nd east floor part)
B.       Tools and Materials
1.      Tools
a)      Stem thermometer
b)      Stopwatch
c)      2 Becker Glass 1000 ml
2.      Materials
a)         3 Goldfish
b)        Ice Stone
c)         Water faucet
d)        Hot Water
C.      Work Procedure
1.      Prepared all the materials. Fill all the backer with normal water, and then the first backer added with hot water and measured the temperature of the water until 38 C. then entered a fish then counted and write down the operculum as long as 1 minutes as much as 5 time.
2.       For the second backer, it is the normal water. Measured the temperature until 27 C, then entered a fish, counted and write the operculum as long as 1 minute as much as 5 time.
3.      Used the firs backer to do the third measuring, filled the backer with normal water and then added with ice then measured the temperature until 15 C, then entered a fish, counted and wrote in the table the operculum as long as 1 minute as much as 5 time.
CHAPTER IV
OBSERVATION RESULT


A.  Observation Result
From the experiment, we can get the result such  as :
a.      Observation Table

Backer
Minutes to ….

Average
1
2
3
4
5
A
Warm (380C)
161
137
143
183
199
165
B
Normal (270C)
151
121
120
97
117
121
C
Cool (15 0C)
119
89
90
73
86
91


  1. Analysing of the data
1.      Backer glass (A), warm water (380)
T= 5 minutes
S= 823 movement
V= s/t= 823 move/5 mint = 165 move/minute

2.      Backer glass (B), normal water (270)
T= 5 minutes
S= 606 movement
V= s/t= 606 move/5 minute = 121 move/minute

3.      Backer glass (C), cool water (150)
T= 5 minutes
S= 457 movement
V=457 move/5 minute= 91 move/minute
C.  Discussion
1.    Backer glass A
            In this backer glass is contained warm water (380C) the frequency of operculum movement is 165 mov/minute. It occur because the density of the water temperature is not really dense, the oxygen containing was minimized that the fish should breath faster. Beside that if we view  the metabolic process where the fish is homoterm means that their body temperature follow the environmental temperature. To increase their body temperature, so the fish should do more combustion where this combustion can produce more oxygen.
2.    Backer glass B
            In this backer glass is normal water (270c) the frequency of operculum movement is 121 move/minute. It occur because the oxygen amount that supplied and their body temperature enable to make balancing that the oxygen amount that need in the metabolic process. This balancing is shown in stable of movement.

3.    Backer glass C
            In this backer is contained cool water (150c), the frequency of the operculum is 91 move/minute. This frequency is the lowest frequency than the other. It occur because the oxygen amount is abundant. In metabolic process, so the body temperature should be decreased. For that the fish should reduce their combustion process that the oxygen need can be minimized if the body temperature reduce continuously, the fish can not do their activities and their metabolic process become abnormal.
            According to the theory, Shelford said “Each organism has a maximum and minimum value in an ecology with the down limited to their environmental factor. One of the important factor that influence the organism activity. It can influence the speed of chemical reaction in their body and also decide the metabolic activity. Temperature has a certain range that can be tolerance. 

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION

A.    Conclussion
            After done this experiment we can conclude that the temperature has an important influence to the organism activity and the practican can compare the oxygen using speed by an organism in different temperature. The frequency in the temperature 380C is 165 move/minute, the temperature 27oC is 121 move/minute, and the temperature 15oC is 91 move/minute.
B.     Suggestion
For practican, be careful in doing this lab because it deals with living environment temperature is used, so the effect will affect the sustainability of living bodies.
For the assistant, practican properly noticed in doing the experiment so that when there are mistakes can be corrected immediately.

BIBLIOGHRAPY


Anonim. 2011.Adaptation. http://en.wikipedia. Accessed on January 6th2011.
Neil, Campbell. 1999. Biology Edisi V Jilid III. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Soetjipta.1994. Dasar-dasar Ekologi Hewan. Yogyakarta: Departemen Pendidikan   dan Kebudayaan.

Tim Pengajar.2010. Penuntun Praktikum Biologi Dasar. Makassar: FMIPA UNM.


Komentar

Postingan populer dari blog ini

Enzim aktivitesi üzerine pH etkisi

Enzim aktivitesi üzerine pH etkisi BÖLÜM I GİRİŞ Arkaplan Enzimlergeniş bir yelpazede hizmet fonksiyonları canlı organizmaların içindekivermektedir.Bunlariçin sinyal iletimi genelliklevasıtasıyla,ve hücre regülasyonu kinazlar ve fosfatazlar vazgeçilmezdir.Onlar daile hareket miyozin oluşturmak içinhidroliz ATP kas kasılması bir parçası olarak hücrenin etrafındave aynı zamanda hareketli yük hücre iskeletinin oluşturmak.Hücre zarındaki Diğer ATPazlarbulunmaktadır. iyon pompaları katılan aktif taşıma Enzimler aynı zamanda,hafifdaha egzotik işlevler yer lusiferaz üreten ateş böceği almaktadır. Virüsler de olarak enfekte hücreleri için enzimler içerenolabilir. HIVintegraz ve ters transkriptaz ya da hücrelerden virüs serbest bırakılması için,gibi influenza virüs nöraminidaz enzimlerin önemli bir işlevi,sindirimbir sisteminde hayvanların Bu türgibi enzimler amilaz ve proteazlar büyük moleküller yıkmak, (nişasta veya proteinler, küçük olanları iç...

Contoh Laporan Biologi “Pengamatan Mikroskopis”

BAB I PENDAHULUAN A.     Latar Belakang Benda yang sangat rumit penyusunnya adalah makhluk hidup. Pada makhluk hidup baik manusia, hewan maupun tumbuhan terdiri dari organ-organ yang menyusunnya. Dan organ-organ itu sendiri terdiri dari jaringan-jaringan yang menyusunnya. Organ pada makhluk hidup memilik peranan yang sangat vital bagi makhluk hidup itu sendiri. Karen a jika salah satu jaringan pada makhluk hidup tidak berjalan sesuai dengan fungsinya, maka makhluk hidup itu boleh dikatakan tidak sempurna. Secara struktural, tubuh tumbuhan  sama dengan tubuh hewan, yaitu tersusun oleh berbagai jaringan dan organ yang saling mendukung untuk melangsungkan fungsi dan aktivitas hidup. Jaringan merupakan sekumpulan sel yang mempunyai bentuk, fungsi dan sifat yang sama. Untuk membentuk suatu jaringan, sel-sel mengalami spesialisasi dan diferensiasi. Jaringan-jaringan akan menyusun diri menjadi suatu pola yang jelas diseluruh bagian tumbuhan dan hewan. Ja...

Biology Report " Anatomy of Vertebrata "

Biology Report " Anatomy of Vertebrata "  CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A.     Background As has been described in several books, phylum cordata divided into 4 sub-phyla, the sub-phylum of vertebrates are animals make a group having chordate brain, is relatively large, protected by the bones of the skull (Cranium oss). Booster body is composed of the axis segments of the spine (vertebral column). Body is generally divided into the head (cephal), neck (cervix), body (truncus) and tail (cauda). Animal body consists of various organs of the body. Organs that work together in implementing a higher functioning form organ systems. Observation of an animal needed surgery to facilitate observing the shape, position and relationship with other people. The green frog that can be explained here is about the transportation system (blood circulation), digestive system, respiratory system, excretion and reproduction. Frog circulatory instrument consists of th...